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2010 Recap Part II: Michigan State House

by: pbratt

Tue Nov 23, 2010 at 10:21:41 AM EST


(Cross-posted on WMR, BFM, and SSP-pb)

Perhaps the biggest surprise on late hours of November 2 was the enormity of the Democratic defeat in the Michigan State House. While many had predicted that the Democrats' margin of 67 to 43 would be reduced, few predicted that they would lose control of the lower chamber (myself included) and end up with 47 seats, a humiliating 20 seat loss. Indeed, Democratic numbers in the State House and Senate have not been this low since 1954, a time when Michigan's legislature in the legislature was malapportioned prior to the 1964 Constitution. Just for reference, Table 1 below shows partisan control of the Michigan State House and Senate from 1955 to the present.


http://lh5.ggpht.com/_IM4e5b7O...
Table 1: Michigan Legislative Control, 1948-2012

pbratt :: 2010 Recap Part II: Michigan State House
What caused this twenty seat loss for the Democrats? Commentators have noted that Democratic turnout crashed on the rocks this cycle, with turnout in key Democratic precincts lower than even in 1998 or 1994 (or even 1966 for that matter). I think that the 2010 disaster can be explained largely by region, statistics, and redistricting.

Consider regionalism first. The map below shows partisan control of State House statewide.


http://lh3.ggpht.com/_IM4e5b7O...
Map 1: Michigan State House Partisan Control

One can see the 20 seats gained by the GOP on November 2 are largely concentrated in three regions of the state: Northern Michigan, downriver/eastern Michigan, and Macomb County. Of these 20 seats, 14 were open, while 6 were lost by Democratic incumbents. Maps 2-5 shows these areas in greater detail.


http://lh3.ggpht.com/_IM4e5b7O...
Map 2: Northern Michigan


http://lh6.ggpht.com/_IM4e5b7O...
Map 3: The Thumb/Macomb County


http://lh5.ggpht.com/_IM4e5b7O...
Map 4: Downriver and Eastern Michigan


http://lh3.ggpht.com/_IM4e5b7O...
Map 5: Western Michigan

Democrats lost six districts in Northern Michigan, two in West Michigan, eight seats in the downriver/rural eastern Michigan, two seats in the Thumb, and two in Macomb County. The loss of seats on a regional basis is significant to explaining the GOP's success in 2010. The Upper Peninsula has long been a Democratic stronghold, although the Democratic Baseline (which is the average Democratic share of the vote cast for State Board of Education races) for the districts in northern Michigan (101, 103, 106, and 107) are much more Republican-leaning. The decline of the Democratic brand over the past two years is due in part to the retirement of Bart Stupak, who had long provided a strong conservative Democratic presence on the top of the ticket for Democratic voters in the north, and also the antipathy of voters to the first two years of the Obama Administration. This suspicion of the Obama Administration has cultural and economic roots, but is also due to the steady drumbeat of the GOP noise machine that has played on the fear and malaise of many voters.

The six seats lost in West Michigan, Macomb County, and the Thumb are swing (Districts 24, 32, and 91) or Republican leaning Districts (Districts 70, 83, 84). However, the eight seats lost in Monroe, Jackson, Lenawee, Washtenaw, and Wayne Counties are in many was due to Rick Snyder being on the top of the Republican ticket. Snyder almost carried his home county (Washtenaw), a county that Democratic candidates generally carry by a two to one margin. The fact that Snyder almost carried this county doomed the Democratic State House candidates in the two Washtenaw County districts (52nd and 55th). Similarly, Jackson, Lenawee, and Monroe Counties, which have generally had a slight Democratic lean over the past four election cycles, swung decisively towards the Republican column, costing Democrats four seats. In Wayne County, Democratic incumbent Deb Kennedy was caught napping in the 23rd District, while Republicans picked up the 19th State House seat, which has historically been a Republican seat.

Thus regionalism partly explains the 2010 results. Table 2 below attempts to explain the results based on demographic and economic statistical data for each seat. I pulled data on any race that was 1) a Republican pickup, 2) where the winning candidate won with less than 55% of the vote, or 3) was identified as a Weak Republican, Weak Democratic or Swing seat in my previous analysis. The categories in Table 2 are pretty self-explanatory, although a few deserve further explanation. Dem 2010% is the percentage received the Democratic State House candidate in 2010, while DB Avg% is the Democratic Baseline average from the 2004, 2006, and 2008 elections. %Black, %Min, %White is based on ethnic data from the 2000 Census, as is Pov% (poverty rate), Bach% (percentage of residents who hold a Bachelor's Degree), Prof% (percentage of residents who work in professional sector), and Med House Income (Median Household Income). While this data is ten years old, it serves as a reference point for analyzing the data. Once the 2010 Census data is released next month, I'll try to update some of this information.

In the 55 races, Democrats won 18 seats in 2010 (or 37%). In comparison, after the 2008 election they held 38 seats (69%). Some Democratic incumbents who won in 2010 performed slightly better than the 2004-08 Democratic baseline average, and only two Democratic incumbents (Terry Brown in the 84th and Dan Scripps in the 101st) who ran better than the baseline lost. Every other Democratic candidate (incumbent or challenger) performed worse than the baseline.


http://i303.photobucket.com/al...
Table 2: District Analysis

Is there a silver bullet from the data that explains the Democratic disaster in these 55 districts? Besides the fact that Republican incumbents were invulnerable, and that every open GOP seat was held, a few trends appear when you do some preliminary regression analysis. With correlation coefficient.78, the 2004-2008 Democratic baseline average is the strongest predictor of Democratic State House performance in 2010. Which, in my opinion, is not all too surprising.


http://lh6.ggpht.com/_IM4e5b7O...
Table 3: Baseline Regression

The other variables have a much weaker predictive value and are not statistically significant. The only other significant variable is race, and there is a -.42 correlation coefficient with the white population percentage, which has a t score of 3.369. Essentially, Democrats won any district where the white percentage of the population was under 90%. Personally, I think that the financial data, which should be available relatively soon from the Michigan Campaign Finance Network, will also show that a large financial edge for the winner will be statistically significant.


http://lh3.ggpht.com/_IM4e5b7O...
Table 4: White% Regression

Finally, how does redistricting explain regionalism and statistics? In 2001 the Republican Party controlled all three parties in the redistricting equation (the State House, Senate, and Michigan Supreme Court). The map drawn for the State House sought to maximize the Republican gains in the 2000 election, and as a result the number of seats controlled by the GOP increased from 58 in 2000 to 61 in 2002. However, the map cut too close to the margins, and Democratic wave years in 2006 and 2008 resulted in the GOP caucus being reduced to 52 and 43 seats, respectively. Perhaps a wiser map would treat 2010 as an aberration, and a new map would seek to draw 56 to 58 safe Republican seats. Given that there are 63 members of the Republican House caucus, I suspect that every incumbent will want a seat that protects his or her interests. For the Democrats looking for a strategy in 2012, I'd look really hard at trying to knock off the GOP in metropolitan Detroit (Districts 23, 24, 52, 55, and 56) as well as reclaiming districts 108 and 110 in the Upper Peninsula and Districts 101 and 103 in Northern Michigan. This would bring the party back to a narrow majority. However, given that a new map will be created in late 2011, closer targeting will need to wait until then.

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Nice work and some comments (0.00 / 0)
The white working class populist areas statewide swung hard in the 2010 election. I noticed that even the white Genesee County districts were close. Davison almost flipped. I think the Flushing area was close too. The 50th (Davison) and 96th (Bay City) districts shouldn't have been on the radar.

Double the minority percentage in the 17th% (at least). Redford's demographics are shifting, and not just on the Detroit border. That's also a reason why that district is no longer close. That's solidly dem, especially for someone with an Irish last name like Cavanagh who'll get the white union vote. I think Dearborn Heights is changing as well, although more Middle Eastern than black.

Same probably goes for the Slavens district, at least in the Van Buren/Belleville portion, Barnett in Farmington Hills, and possibly Lane in the Mt Clemens/Clinton Twp district. I think the Grand Rapids area (city and Kentwood) has the same types of migration, but I'm less familiar there.

The 52nd and 55th (partly) were Snyder wins, as it was the townships where he cleaned up. Redistricting will be tough there. Ouimet lives in Scio Township, so they can't lump Scio with the Ann Arbor City district. Census numbers will be interesting there. If the 52nd can shed part of NE Ann Arbor, they will. It will clash with the 55th which has Pittsfield Township. Monroe County went hard for the GOP this time. John Dingell lost there by 8000 votes. Whether it turns into another St Clair County remains to be seen.

The 67th would have flipped if the last name wasn't Byrum, especially with republicans doing well in Holt and Mason. Byrum runs ahead of everybody in rural areas like Onondaga and Stockbridge. That along with South Lansing, saved the day.

57, 64, 65, Lenawee County no longer has Spades running. That was Walberg's old seat and then the Spade brother took it for 12 years. Griffin ticked off too many people in Jackson County and the late Mike Simpson was just one hell of a candidate in the rural populist district.

Kate Segal's district I think benefited from Albion, Battle Creek, and Springfield all in the same district. Some consider it swing, and I considered it lean dem. Albion's the overlooked variable. Mike Nofs won that district he wasn't supposed to really win on paper for the same reason Mike Simpson won his rural Jackson County he shouldn't have won on paper. People liked them.

23rd District was a populist swing combined with Grosse Ile's GOP base. Huron Township is competitive and went for Bush as well. I'm interested in what Brownstown Twp did. That district leans slightly dem until now. I'm interested in what happens with redistricting. Wayne County's population shift will most that away from the Detroit.

The UP is what shocked me. I thought we would get the 107th back. I didn't expect a 20 pt blowout in the 108th over an incumbent, nor the 110th which was only close once recently (2000). Alpena surprised me as well. That's been the close no cigar district for 15 years. The 103rd surprised me because Sheltrown's a good name there.

The 101st I'll be interested in for 2012 with Obama leading the ticket. There's a Chicago influence out that way along Lake Michigan.

It was a rural and white working class backlash. I know it well. We got socked in 2006 (and 2008 by lesser extent) by the same thing. People are throwing the bums out. If there's a lesson for all sides, it is that mandates didn't exist, do not exist, and won't exist in the future.  

"He who would trade liberty for some temporary security, deserves neither liberty nor security" - Benjamin Franklin


Keeper (0.00 / 0)
This thread is an instant keeper and reference tool.  Thanks for taking the time to do this, pratt.

Somethings that stuck out to me is how Ann Arbor's influence doesn't seem to extended into the out-county like here in Lansing or in Flint.  This area, in the Irish Hills area, is mostly in Walberg's district, so that could explain to huge swing, this time.  That doesn't seem permanent, nor does the state house seats in the Dingell district.  

I'm a bit more worried about what may be taking place in Northern Michigan and the UP, as I'm not entirely sure what is going on.  It may be a temporary swing, or it may actually be a shift.


Oops (0.00 / 0)
Read more deeply and see that you are right.  The loss in Washtenaw is a direct effect of Snyder leading up the ticket.  For whatever reason, I don't tend to think of Snyder as being from anywhere, you know, like some slicky marketed product.

[ Parent ]
Ann Arbor's influence extends heavy in four areas (4.00 / 1)
Not counting Ypsi, which is more distinct and has its own long history.

Scio Township (Between Ann Arbor and Dexter) took the most dramatic swing in the last 10 years. It's the reason Walberg struggles in Washtenaw County. It was a swing or marginal blue area until around 2000, but it's not even close these days.

Pittsfield Township between Ann Arbor and Ypsi, and points South is about the same as Scio Township, although the Saline area is a little more conservative than one would expect.

Ann Arbor Township. Parts of it are surrounded by the city but are not incorporated due to annexation laws. Those are no different than Ann Arbor itself in politics. One precinct is the mostly rural just north of the City mostly between Joy Rd and M-14. It was moderately blue in 2000 and now in the 60%+ range.

Superior Township is and always has been blue. Part of it is Willow Run/Ypsi, but the whole area is blue.

Lesser influenced is Manchester (swing), Chelsea (leans blue), Northfield Township (has a Livingston County influence as well), and Saline (City swings, township solidly republican). Throw in Canton (swings) and south of M-36 in Green Oak and Hamburg Township in Livingston County.

I do think there's also a backlash to some affect against Ann Arbor (not as much the Townies) outcounty and its more East Coast style that causes some to "rebel" in their voting. I fully admit that may be my Livingston County bias creeping in however.  

"He who would trade liberty for some temporary security, deserves neither liberty nor security" - Benjamin Franklin


[ Parent ]
Ann Arbor et al (4.00 / 2)
Any post's worth is determined in part by the comments posted in response. I'm always glad to see Dan (Republican Michigander) commenting, even though though his politics differ from many at ML.

I think Northern Michigan is a much longer-term problem for the Dems than downriver/Washtenaw County. Jackson County has always been a swing county, and the lackluster performance that the local Democratic Party has provided has been a big ucler for Mark Brewer (If anyone wants an ignored copy of the report I did for Mr. Brewer last January, shoot me an email at peterbratt@gmail.com). I think Dan is right on the political geographies of Washtenaw County. Ypsi is its own separate political universe-Ypsilanti City is in many ways like Dearborn, while Ypsilanti Township is much more Republican (although still generally 55-66% Democratic), Southern, and suburban than Ypsi City, which historically was populated by the professional class Germans and New Englanders/upstate New Yorkers until after WWII. Indeed, the City of Ypsilanti turned down the Township's request for annexation at four different times between 1930 and 1959-I doubt the township would want to participate in that deal today. If you want a place to check out neat architecture and a forgotten urban gem, check out Ypsilanti.

I digress. I'd say that Scio and Pittsfield are where UM college students live when they make there money at the age of 40, and still vote Democratic. Some of the more western townships (such as Manchester and Sylvan) are much more republican, but their population is dwarfed by metro Ann Arbor, so it doesn't really add up that much. I haven't broken down the data on the municipal level yet, but I'm pretty sure that Snyder carried everything in Washtenaw except A2 and Ypsilanti City. With Snyder off the ticket in 2012, I think the GOP is going to have a much harder time carrying the 52nd or 55th. You really can't make the 52nd much safer unless you want to sacrifice the 55th. If I was a GOP strategist, I'd much rather strengthen the 55th than the 52nd, and let a self financing candidate like Oumiet try to win on his own.

The Dems really need to develop a long term strategy for northern MI over the next year. Historic loyalties to the Democratic Party isn't going to hold as much weight as time goes by, and the party needs to develop some new faces to mold a new coalition together. I, for one, will be thinking long and hard about this.  


[ Parent ]
Washtenaw County (0.00 / 0)
Snyder won Ann Arbor Township, Chelsea, Scio Township, and ran even or slightly better in Pittsfield Township. He ran close in Superior Township, losing mostly because of Willow Run/MacArthur Blvd. I'll consider all of those aberrations and not to be expected on a regular basis. He lost bad in the cities of Ann Arbor, Ypsi, and Ypsi Township.

I don't know a lot of differences between Ypsi City and Township outside of EMU. Both have a heavy minority population and labor history. I was a little surprised at how spread out the blue area in Ypsi Township was, and expected it to be more confined to the area near the city. Superior Township seems to be more divided between North and South, and I expected some of the same in Ypsi Township. My gut reaction is Downriver type union traditions, but that might be off base.

If the census numbers are what I expect for 2011 redistricting, Ypsi contracts a little, Ann Arbor suburbs grow, and Ann Arbor (Estimated at 115K) itself can go either way with student fluctuation. If the population is 9.9 Million and there's 90000 in a district, that leaves probably 25K of Ann Arbor that goes into another district. This right now is in the Ouimet district and is his worst area. There's 21K in Ypsi, 49K in Ypsi Township, and 11K in Superior Township. Salem's in that district, but is more culturally with South Lyon than Washtenaw County. Can East Ann Arbor get pushed to Ypsi with a Pittsfield Twp Split (there already is a slight Pittsfield break)? I'd rather get Superior Twp and Salem than Ann Arbor, but we'll see.

Up North (and the thumb) I expect to continue to be very independent and a nightmare for both parties. They don't have a lot of tolerance for arrogance or bs and expect candidates to be honest, humble, and have common sense. We got ripped there in 06, and you got ripped there in 2010. I don't know what will happen there, but nobody can take it for granted. They vote the person there and not the party.



"He who would trade liberty for some temporary security, deserves neither liberty nor security" - Benjamin Franklin


[ Parent ]
I agree about the backlash effect (0.00 / 0)
This is often visible in countywide elections, where there is often a divide between Ann Arbor and the outcounty area, as Ann Arbor's priorities and attitudes are very different from the rest of the county.

[ Parent ]
Well, then... (0.00 / 0)
So what you're saying is that all of the pickups around Ann Arbor are a direct result of Snyder's candidacy, right?  I just want to be sure.

Looking how the state house seats are drawn around those parts, it looks like the GOP did a very good job cutting up suburban Ann Arbor to dilute it's influence.


[ Parent ]
I wouldn't say all of them were (0.00 / 0)
but 52 certainly was. 55 and 56 were certainly greatly impacted by this race as well.

[ Parent ]
I'm (0.00 / 0)
I'm really only belaboring the point about Ann Arbor's influence because I imagine 55 and 52 have to be more blue-leaning than 67, which basically covers all of Ingham County outside Lansing and East Lansing, yet Dems have been able to win and then subsequently hold such an incredibly rural seat in such an increasibly tough year for Dems.  Barb Byrum got a really good challenge this time, and it seems like someone like her should have lost.  Perhaps, more of the population of 67 is in Lansing proper than I assume.

[ Parent ]
52nd yes, 55th possible (0.00 / 0)
Ouimet (52nd) won because of Snyder and his money and moderate reputation. That district has part of the City of Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor Township, and Scio Township.

The 55th was hard to tell because Rick Olson did very well in Monroe County, but he won by 500 votes the Washtenaw County portion too so Snyder influenced it.  

"He who would trade liberty for some temporary security, deserves neither liberty nor security" - Benjamin Franklin


[ Parent ]
HOUSE (0.00 / 0)
loomed very large.
House control was lost by a cumulative margin of less than than 18,000.

[ Parent ]
Sorry cut and paste frazzle (0.00 / 0)
The Snyder factor loomed large, especially in a low turnout environment. A lot of "our" voters figured the election was already settled, and our downballot candidates got impacted. As I posted above, control of the House was lost by less than 18,000 votes, and while many of those were "swing" districts, the margin was "our" voters staying home, not GOP voters swamping the polls.

Just to put this in perspective, Nationally the 28 closest House races were decided by less than 300,000 votes. These margins get lost in all the talk of mandates, waves and counting of seats picked up. The GOP didn't post overwhelming numbers of voters. They could have been defeated by a marginally better ground game. We simply didn't invest in one because media spending cannibalizes GOTV efforts. The fog of campaigning creates that bias: "this radio ad buy will move the needle" is patently false when the same amount of money can get you several hundred door to door contacts to casual voters.


[ Parent ]
Lansing (0.00 / 1)
I'm really only belaboring the point about Ann Arbor's influence because I imagine 55 and 52 have to be more blue-leaning than 67, which basically covers all of Ingham County outside Lansing and East Lansing, yet Dems have been able to win and then subsequently hold such an incredibly rural seat in such an increasibly tough year for Dems.


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